Psychoanalysis is associated with which theorist and focus?

Psychoanalysis is associated with which theorist and focus?

• A. Carl Jung; Collective unconscious.
• B. Sigmund Freud; Unconscious motivation; Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital stages.
• C. Carl Rogers; Client-centered therapy.
• D. B.F. Skinner; Behavior modification.

Answer: (B)

Psychoanalysis centers on uncovering unconscious motivations that shape thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Sigmund Freud developed this approach, tying personality development to early childhood conflicts and the drive to satisfy unmet desires. A key feature is the psychosexual model, which describes stages—oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital—through which personality is formed as pleasure-seeking energies move through different erogenous zones. This focus on unconscious processes and how early experiences influence later behavior is what defines psychoanalysis. The other theorists represent different traditions: Carl Jung expanded into analytic psychology with the idea of a collective unconscious and archetypes, which goes beyond classical psychoanalysis. Carl Rogers founded client-centered therapy, emphasizing self-directed growth and the therapeutic relationship rather than unconscious content. B.F. Skinner built behaviorism, concentrating on observable behavior and conditioning rather than internal unconscious drives.

Psychoanalysis centers on uncovering unconscious motivations that shape thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Sigmund Freud developed this approach, tying personality development to early childhood conflicts and the drive to satisfy unmet desires. A key feature is the psychosexual model, which describes stages—oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital—through which personality is formed as pleasure-seeking energies move through different erogenous zones. This focus on unconscious processes and how early experiences influence later behavior is what defines psychoanalysis.

The other theorists represent different traditions: Carl Jung expanded into analytic psychology with the idea of a collective unconscious and archetypes, which goes beyond classical psychoanalysis. Carl Rogers founded client-centered therapy, emphasizing self-directed growth and the therapeutic relationship rather than unconscious content. B.F. Skinner built behaviorism, concentrating on observable behavior and conditioning rather than internal unconscious drives.